But, since you are goi… Linux was first released in the early 1990's as open-source software, which means it was created by many volunteer programmers and is free to use. Software can be broken into two parts: System Software and Application Software. Description. computer worm : A malicious program designed to spread rapidly to a large number of computers by sending copies of itself to other computers. Introduction . • Hardware is the physical components of a computer system e.g., a monitor, keyboard, mouse and the computer itself. A PowerPoint presentation for instructional purposes that can be adopted or modified by the classroom teacher to supplement a lesson plan. CHAPTER 1 — Introduction to Computer Systems A computer is a complex system consisting of both hardware and software components. Introduction to Computer Science using Java by Bradley Kjell is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. Start studying Introduction to Computer Software. It ties together all of the hardware components and gives the user a way to control the computer. Most people can simply turn on a computer or a mobile phone and point at some little graphical object on the display, click a button or swipe a finger or two, and the computer does something. Introduction to Computer Hardware Chapter Exam Instructions. The applications you use are the software you work with on a computer. ISBN 0-470-86398-6 (Paper : alk. I. A comprehensive database of more than 10 introduction to computer quizzes online, test your knowledge with introduction to computer quiz questions. A beginner s introduction to computer programming : you can do it! being familiar enough with computers that you understand their capabilities and limitations, and know how to use them, a field of study focused on managing and processing information and the automatic retrieval of information, the process of searching huge amounts of data with the hope of finding a pattern, a type of wireless technology that uses radio waves to transmit data over short distances; this standard facilitates the connection of electronic computing devices such as cell phones, smartphones, and computers to peripheral devices such as keyboards and headsets, the process of sending jobs formerly performed in the US to other countries, a law enforcement specialty that analyzes computer systems with specific techniques to gather potential legal evidence, an apppropriate computer and digital devices that are all connected to a home network, the instructions that tell the computer what to do, radio frequency identification tags (RDIF tags), a tag that looks like a sticker or label, is attached to a batch of merchandise, and contains a microchip that holds a unique sequence of numbers to identify the product to which it is attached, life-sized, computer-controlled mannequins that can speak, breathe, and blink; they have a pulse and a heartbeat, and they respond just like humans to procedures such as the administration of IV drugs, the status of software that are not protected by copyright, the study of molecules and nanostructures that range in size from 1 to 100 nanometers, the science of using nanostructures to build devices on an extremely small scale, computing that relates to emotion or deliberately tries to influence emotion, the discrepancy between the haves and have-nots with regard to computer technology, a data processing device that gathers, processes, outputs, and stores data and information, a representation of a fact, figure, or an idea, data that has been organized or presented in a meaningful fashion, the language computers use to process data into information, consisting of only the values 0 and 1, a binary digit that corresponds to the on and of states of a computer's switches, consisting of only the values 0 and 1, any part of the computer you can physically touch, the set of programs you use on a computer to help you carry out tasks such as writing a research paper, the set of programs that enables your computer's hardware devices and applocation software to work together, the program that controls the way in which your computer system functions, a portable computer that is powered by batteries or an electrical outlet and has a keyboard, monitor, and other devices integrated into a single compact case, a small, lightweight notebook computer that is generally 7-10" wide and has a longer battery life than a notebook computer, similar to a notebook but features a touch-sensitive screen that can swivel and fold flat; users input data and commands via a special pen called a stylus or with their fingers, a stationary computer that consists of a separate care that houses the main components of the computer plus peripheral devices, a component, such as a monitor or keyboard, that is connected to the computer, a computer that houses not just the computer's processor and memory but also its monitor, a large, expensive computer that supports hundreds of users simultaneously, a specially designed computer that can perform complex calculations extremely rapidly, a specially designed computer chip that resides in another device, such as your car or your thermostat, a device that enables you to ender data and instructions into the computer, an input device ised to enter data and commands, an input device ised to enter user responses and commands, an input device that is used like amoise or pen to tap commands or draw on a screen, a keyboard that gets its name from the first six letters on the top-left row of alphabetic keys on the keyboard; the standard English-language keyboard layout, a set of controls that move your cursor or arrow one space at a time in a document: up, down, left, or right, a mouse that uses an internal sensor or laser to detect the mouse's movement, a mouse that has a rollerball on top or on the side of the mouse, and you move the ball with your fingers, allowing the mouse to stay stationary, a small, touch-sensitive area at the base of the keyboard that functions as the mouse, a display screen that responds to commands initiated by a touch with a finger or stylus, a device that allows you to capture sound waves and transfer them to digital format on your computer, a type of microphone that have an attached base that allows them to sit on flat surfaces and are convenient for recording podcasts or in other situations where you might need your hands to be free, a type of microphone that only picks up sound from one direction; best used for recording podcasts with a single voice or making phone calls over the Internet with a single voice, a type of microphone that picks up sounds from all directions at once; best used for recording more than one voice such as a conference call, a type of microphone that is useful in environments such as presentations, where you need to keep your hands free or move around the room, a type of microphone usually attached to a headset that facilitates the use of speech-recognition software, videoconferencing, or making telephone calls, a device that enables you to send processed data out of your computer in the form of text, graphics, audio, or video, an output device sometines referred to as a display screen, which displays text, graphics, and videos as soft copies (copies you can see only on screen), an output device that creates hard copies of text and graphics, the technology used in flat-panel computer monitors, a type of monitor that is lighter and more energy-efficient than a CRT (cathode ray tube) monitor; often used with portable computers such as notebooks, computer devices or peripherals that use techniques, parts, and methods from an earlier time that are no longer popular, a single point or dot, illuminated by an electron beam, that combine to create the images on a computer monitor, the width-to-height ratio proportion of a monitor, traditionally 4:3, a measure of the difference in light intensity between the brightest white and the darkest black that the monitor can produce, a value measured in degrees that tells how far you can move to the side of the monitor before the image quality degrades to unacceptable levels, a measure of the greatest amount of hight showing when the monitor is displaying pure white; measured as candelas per square meter (cd/m2) also known as nits, the measurement of time (in milliseconds) it takes for a pixel to change color, a type of printer that sprays ink or uses laser beams to transfer marks onto the paper, a type of printer that uses tiny hammer-like keys that strike the paper through an inked ribbon, making marks on the paper, a type of nonimpact printer that works by spraying tiny drops of ink onto paper, a type of nonimpact printer that uses laser beans and static electricity to deliver toner onto the correct areas of the page, a device that combines the functions of a printer, scanner, copier, and fax into one machine, a type of printer that produces oversized pictures that require the drawing of precise and continuous lines, such as maps, detailed images, and architectural plans, a type of printer that works either by melting wax-based ink onto paper (a process called thermal wax transfer printing) or by burning dots onto specially coated paper (a process called direct thermal printing)q, a value determined by how many pages per minute the printer can produce; measured in ppm, a value that measures the printed image clarity and is measured in dots per inch (dpi), a system of speakers and audio processing that envelops the listener in a 360-degree field of sound, the main circuit board that contains the central electronic components of the computer, including the computer's processor, memory, and many circuit boards that help the computer function; located in the system unit, the metal or plastic case that also houses the power source and all the storage devices, such as the CD/DVD drive and hard drive, circuit boards, also called adapter cards, that provide additional functionality and can be inserted in slots in the motherboard, an expansion card that provides a connection for the speakers and microphone, an expansion card that provides a connection for the monitor, an expansion card that provides the computer with a connection to the Internet via a phone line and a network interface card (NIC), an expansion card that enables your computer to connect with other computers or to a high-speed cable modem to facilitate an Internet connection, the computer's temporary storage space or short-term memory; it is located in a set of chips on the system unit's motherboard, and its capacity is measured in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB), temporary storage; when the power is turned off, the data in volatile storage is cleared out, a set of memory chips, located on the motherboard, which stores data and instructions that cannot be changed or erased; it holds all of the information the computer needs to start up, the part of the system unit of a computer, the "brains" that is responsible for data processing; it is the largest and most important chip in the computer and controls all the functions performed by the computer's other components and processes all the commands issued to it by software instruction, unit of speed used to measure processor speed, meaning machine cycles per second (a machine cycle is the process of the CPU getting the data or instructions from RAM and decoding the instructions into something the computer can understand), unit of speed measuring older machines, meaning millions of machine cycles per minute, unit of speed measuring current systems, meaning billions of machine cycles per minute, a special shelf inside a computer that is designed to hold storage devices, drive bays that cannot be seen and reserved for internal hard drives; they hold all permanently stored programs and data, can be seen and accessed from outside the system unit; house CD/DVD drives, the computer's primary device for permanent storage of software and documents, permanent storage that holds all the data and instructions your computer needs even after it is turned off, a hard drive that is enclosed in a protective case to make it portable; the drive is connected to the computer with a data transfer cable and is often used to back up data, a drive that can read from and maybe write to CDs, DVDs, or Blue-ray discs, referred to as a jump drive, USB drive, or thumb drive, is a way of storing portable data; they plug into universal serial bus (USB) ports, a form of portable storage; a removable memory card often used in digital cameras. Software Development Methods - Something we've touched on before, but understand the steps and the different methodologies. Linux can also be run on small embedded systems that do not have a large monitor, so it's common to control a Linux system through a command-line interface. Small pieces of software that work at a low level within the operating system. A Firewall is a type of security system that creates a wall that checks all incoming and outgoing messages to ensure only authorized traffic goes through. MIT OpenCourseWare is a free & open publication of material from thousands of MIT courses, covering the entire MIT curriculum.. No enrollment or registration. This chapter discusses these components. Computer programming. Helps programmers easily design, write and debug programs in one application. The underlying software that makes it possible to run other programs on the computer. Slide 1 of 84 TOPIC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. CHAPTER 1 — Introduction to Computer Systems A computer is a complex system consisting of both hardware and software components. Examples of hardware in a computer are the keyboard, the monitor, the mouse and the central processing unit. The OS boots up the computer and makes sure everything is operational. The latest game that Mike worked on, uses inferential reasoning and allows players to choose different characters, primarily macho man and sexy woman. Introduction To Computers: Hardware and Software In this section of notes you will learn about the basic parts of a computer and how they work. Some of us move on to study it complexly while others just have to know the basics, and they are considered okay. Languages include C, Python, SQL, and JavaScript plus CSS and HTML. A 1958 article in Harvard Business Review referred to information technology as consisting of three basic parts: computational data processing, decision support, and business software. There are many dif… paper) 1. Launched in 1985, Mac Operating systems is Run by apple computers and known for their ease of use and solid reliability, and are especially popular in some home, school, and academic environments. It was created by Andrew Sutherland in October 2005 and released to the public in January 2007. The key is then used to decrypt the scrambled message into the original form… / Francis Glassborow. Software Development Methods - Something we've touched on before, but understand the steps and the different methodologies. After a brief introduction to programming concepts, this unit focuses on the importance of abstraction and modularity for managing complexity. Today, most people don't need to know how a computer works. Whatever these departments worked on became the de facto definition of Information Technology, one that has evolved over time. Released in 1984. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. General principles are developed in the context of state machines, with tangible applications in controlling the behaviors of a mobile robot. A broad and robust understanding of computer science and programming How to think algorithmically and solve programming problems efficiently Concepts like abstraction, algorithms, data structures, encapsulation, resource management, security, software engineering, and web development Highly popular operating system that features a graphical operating system and a large number of hardware and software vendors creating compatible peripherals and software applications. The computer that manages the server can be optimized for its duties. Introduction to Computers Hardware and Software : Hardware. This quiz will evaluate how well elementary students know the necessary computer parts and definitions. After a brief introduction to programming concepts, this unit focuses on the importance of abstraction and modularity for managing complexity. Examples of hardware in a computer are the keyboard, the monitor, the mouse and the central processing unit. The purpose of a device driver is to make hardware like a mouse or printer, work with the operating system. It shows how to encode information in the form of logical sentences; it shows how to reason with information in this form; and it provides an overview of logic technology and its applications - in mathematics, science, engineering, business, law, and so forth. This is one of over 2,200 courses on OCW. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. This is also sometime called the machinery or the equipment of the computer. This time period marked the beginning of IT as an officially defined … Hardware refers to the physical elements of a computer. Doors of Durin on the Wall of Moria (Future Web Site Hosting Computer … An example would be to get weather information from the net and display it. Introduction to Computers Hardware and Software : Hardware. Any kind of software that runs on top of the operating system. October 16, 2017 - Computer Simulation Status Open Letter to All Instructors Who are Using TG's Simulations and Animations Computer Simulations and Animations web site https://chemdemos.uoregon.edu. Software Development (10% of the Introduction to Computing DSST) Intro to Programming - Just in case you ignored my earlier advice to read the entire lesson. Some examples are "C", "C++", "C#", "FORTRAN", "COBOL", "Pascal", "assembly", "Java", or "Basic". the part of the system unit of a computer, the "brains" that is responsible for data processing; it is the largest and most important chip in the computer and controls all the functions performed by the computer's other components and processes all the commands issued to it by software instruction ... encapsulation, resource management, security, software engineering, and web development. Introduction to Computer Science using Java by Bradley Kjell is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. James Tam The server receives and processes the SQL and PL/SQL statements that originate from client applications. Doors of Durin on the Wall of Moria (Future Web Site Hosting Computer … QA76.6.G575 2003 005.1 dc22 2003020686 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data For example, it can have large disk capacity and fast processors. A broad and robust understanding of computer science and programming How to think algorithmically and solve programming problems efficiently Concepts like abstraction, algorithms, data structures, encapsulation, resource management, security, software engineering, and web development System software refers to the software used to operate the computer components. All of the physical components that come together to form a computer. An introduction to the intellectual enterprises of computer science and the art of programming. It was created by Andrew Sutherland in October 2005 and released to the public in January 2007. p. cm. • A computer is made up of hardware. Quizlet trains students via flashcards and various games and tests. Operating systems are the foundation of your computer and almost every electronic device. Introduction to Microsoft Word 2016 Screen Elements Title Bar Z File Menu: The File tab will bring you into the Backstage View. Each computer language was created for some reason as computers evolved, and those that survive today have particular strengths that make them useful to programmers. Quizlet is an American online study application that allows students to study various topics via learning tools and games. Mike works for a Software development company which develops computer games for children aged 8-14. 2.3. Choose your answers to the questions and click 'Next' to see the next set of questions. Chemistry Education Instructional Resources web site https://chemdemos.uoregon.edu. It is an IDE. Chemistry Education Instructional Resources web site https://chemdemos.uoregon.edu. System Software . Over the ensuing decades, many corporations created so-called "IT departments" to manage the computer technologies related to their business. Welcome! Program we'll be using to create programs. quizlet co m 247617918 introduction to co mp uters fl a sh c a rds 6 9 COMPUTER from C10V C10J at Ashworth College A computer is a device capable of performing computations and making logical decisions at speed millions and even billion of times faster them human beings can. Don't show me this again. The server runs Oracle software and handles the functions required for concurrent, shared data access. Software is a program that enables a computer to perform a specific task, as opposed to the physical components of the system (hardware). General principles are developed in the context of state machines, with tangible applications in controlling the behaviors of a mobile robot. October 16, 2017 - Computer Simulation Status Open Letter to All Instructors Who are Using TG's Simulations and Animations Computer Simulations and Animations web site https://chemdemos.uoregon.edu. Many businesses, schools, and home computers run Windows. Computer software is used to communicate with the computer processor to direct certain operations to be performed. Our online introduction to computer trivia quizzes can be adapted to suit your requirements for taking some of the top introduction to computer quizzes. System software can be separated into two different categories, utility programs and operating systems. that identifies what kind of family of files the file belongs to, or which application should be used to read the file, a collection of related pieces of information stored together for easy reference, an index if all dector numbers that the hard drive stores in a table to keep track of which sectors hold which files, a program that takes out redundencies in a file to reduce the file size, the process by which humans or computer software provide organizational structure to a computer's contents, the first part of the label apploed to a file; generally the name a user assigns to the file while saving it, the exact location of a file, starting with the drive in which the file is located, and including all folders, subfolders, the file name, and the extension, system software that controls hardware devices, a collection of files stored on a computer, a mini-application that runs on the desktop, offering easy access to a frequently used tool such as weather or a calendar item, unlike the command- and menu-driven interfaces used in earlier software, GUIs display graphics and use the point-and-click technology of the mouse and cursor, making them much more user-friendly, a picture on a computer display that represents an object such as a software application or a file or folder, a signal that tells the operating system that it is in need of immediate attention, a special numerical code that prioritizes requests from various devices, the essential component of the operating system that is responsible for managing the processor and all other components of the computer system; because it stays in random access memory (RAM) the entire time the computer is powered on, the kernel is called memory resident, a Windows feature that starts the computer by using the registry information that was saved during the last shutdown, in Windows 7, a folder that is used to display files from different locations as if they were all saved in a single folder, regardless of where they are actually stored in the file hierarchy, an open source operating system based on UNIX; often used on web servers because of the stable nature of this operating system, the first commercially available operating system to incorporate a graphical user interface (GUI) with user-friendly point-and-click technology, a large, expensive computer that supports hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously and executes many different programs at the same time, a list of commands that displays on the screen, a user interface in which the user chooses a command from menus displayed on the screen, a single-user, single-task operating system created by Microsoft that was the first widely installed operating system in personal computers, the ability of an operating system to perform more than one process at a time, multiuser operating system (network operating system), an operating system that enables more than one user to access the computer system at one time by efficiently juggling all the requests from multiple users, the process of swapping data or instructions that have been placed in the swap file for later use back into active random access memory (RAM); the contents of the hard drive's swap file them become less active data or instrictions, the backslash (\) mark used by Microsoft Windows and DOS in file names, the combination of a computer's operating system and processor; the two most common platform types are the PC and the Apple Macintosh, the technology that enables the operating system to recognize automatically any new peripherals and configure them to work with the system, the first job the basic input/output system (BIOS) performs, ensuring the essential peripheral devices are attached and operational, when the operating system processes the task assigned a higher priority before processing a task that has been assigned a lower priority, a program with a specific purpose that must guarantee certain response times for particular computing tasks, or else the machine's application is useless, a folder on a Windows desktop in which deleted files from the hard drive are held until permanently purged from the system, a portion of the hard drive containing all the different configurations used by the Windows operating system (OS) as well as by other applications, a group of icons collected for easy access, the top level of the filing structure in a computer system, a special diagnostic mode designed for troubleshooting errors that occur during the boot process, on the desktop, the bar that appears at the side or bottom of the window and controls which part of the information is displayed on the screen, a section of hard drive platter, wedge-shaped from the center of the platter to the edge, a device that combines the functionality of a cellphone, and PMP, and a PDA into one unit, the instructions programmers write in a higher-level language, a program that helps coordinate all print jobs sent to the printer at the same time, a temporary storeage area on the hard drive where the operating system "swaps out" the data from the random access memory (RAM) that have not recently been used, any of the main files of an operating system, a utility in Windows that restores system settings to a specific previous date when everything was working properly, in Windows, a snapshot of your entire system's settings used for restoring your system to a prior point in time, in later versions of Windows OS, a feature that displays open and favorite applications for easy access, a Windows utility that shows programs currently running and permits you to exit non-responsive programs when you click End Task, a Windows utility that enables you to schedule tasks to run automatically at predetermined times with no interaction necessary on your part, a condition of excessive paging in which the operating system becomes sluggish, a concentric circle that serves as a storage area on a hard drive platter, an operating system originally conceived in 1969; in 1974, the UNIX code was rewritten in the standard programming language C, part of the operating system that enables individuals to interact with the computer, a small program that performs many of the general housekeeping tasks for the computer, such as system maintenance and file compression, the space on the hard drive where the operating system stores data if there isn't enough random access memory (RAM) to hold all of the programs you're currently trying to run, a mini-application developed for the Macintosh platform, in a graphical user interface, a rectangular box that contains programs displayed on the screen, an operating system by Microsoft that incorporates a user-friendly, graphical interface, Microsoft operating system that builds upon the security and user interface upgrades that the Windows Vista releave provided, and gives users with touch-screen monitors the ability to use touch commands to scroll, resize windows, pan, and zoom, the main tool for finding, viewing, and managing the contents of your computer by showing the location and contents of every drive, folder, and file, a wireless standard established in 1997 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; also known as WiFi, it enables wireless network devices to work seamlessly with other networks and devices, the accommodation of current devices being able to use previously issued software standards in addition to the current standards, a UTP cable type that provides more than 1 GB of thoughtput, a single copper wire surrounded by layers of plastic insulation and sheathing; used mainly in cable television and cable internet service, a network that uses the Ethernet protocol as the means by which the nodes on the network communicate, a cable that transmits data at close to the speed of light along glass or plastic fibers, a software program or hardware device designed to prevent unauthorized access to computers or networks, the most commonly used wired Ethernet standard deployed in devices designed for home networks which provides bandwidth of ip to 1 Gbps, anyone who unlawfully breaks into a computer system, a network located in a home that is used to connect all of its digital devices, a device designed to store media, share media across the network, and back up filed on computers connected to a home network, a physical address that is assigned to each network adapter; it is made up of six 2-digit characters such as 01:40:87:44:79:A5, a wide area network (WAN) that links users in a specific geographical area, such as within a city or country, a design in newer routers that provides for faster wireless data transmission by utilizing more than one antenna to transmit and receive data, a group of two or more computers that are configured to share information and resources such as printers, files, and databases, a device that enables the computer to communicate with the network using a common data communication language, or protocol, someone who has training in computer and peripheral maintenance and repair, network design, and the installation of network software, a specialized computing device designed to store and manage network data, the design of a computer network; includes both physical and logical design, a device on a network such as a router, hub, and switch that moves data signals around the network, software that handles requests for information, Internet access, and the use of peripherals for the rest of the network nodes, a device (such as a printer or external hard drive) that can be attached directly to a network instead of needing to attach to a computer on the network, a device connected to a network such as a computer, a peripheral (such as a printer), or a communications device (such as a modem), a small segment of data that is bundled for sending over transmission media; each packet contains the address of the computer or peripheral device to which it is being sent, a network in which each node connected to the network can communicate directly with every other node on the network, the process of connecting to a wireless network without the permission of the owner of the network, a device that routes packets of data between two or more networks, a network name that wireless routers use to identify themselves, a device for transmitting data on a network that has the capability to make decisions, based on the media access control (MAC) address of the data, as to where the data is to be sent, a device in a wireless network that translates the electronic data that needs to be sent along the network into radio waves and the broadcasts the waves to other network nodes, the radio waves or cable that transport data on a network, cables made of copper wires that are twisted around each other and are surrounded by a plastic sheath, the most popular transmission media option for Ethernet networks, composed of four pairs of wires that are twisted around each other to reduce electrical interference, a network made up of local area networks (LANs) connected over long distances, the 802.11 standard for wireless data transmissions, a device that amplifies your wireless signal to get it out to parts of your home that are experiencing poor connectivity. 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