In many regions, growing this ornamental grass type is banned, owing to its invasive nature. Bearing – Upright mound Foliage – deciduous Height – 16 to 36 inches (40 to 90 cm) Spacing – 6 to 8 plants per sq. Although this grass might make a nice colorful addition to the perennial garden, it’s highly aggressive nature warrants us to think twice about planting it. In the United States, it is naturalized in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi… However, if I get it cut back I could probably get something like buckwheat to grow up before the Cogon grass grows back and crowd it out. 1977). Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) is one of the world’s ten worst weeds and has already invaded 153 billion acres worldwide. The roots are often outside the above-ground zone before the above ground portions of the plant emerge, ... wands while back-pack-type sprayers were used for the smallest spots. The highest mercury uptake was cogon grass with an average concentration of 10.473 ppm followed by guinea grass with an average of 7.521 ppm then napier grass with an average of 3.012 ppm. However, the 'Rubra' cultivar is relatively less aggressive and is sold in garden centers in many cold-winter areas, … For example, cogon grass (Imper- ata cylindrica), a well-studied exotic rhizoma- tous grass invasive in the … The State of the Environment in Asia Logged areas in the Philippines are often converted into com- mercial pastures, which entails repeated burnoffs that often result in the replace- ment of secondary forests with cogon grass {Imperata cylindrica). Cogon grass is also USDA’s NRCS Helps Landowners Fight Invasive Kudzu, Cogon Grass Contact: Chakesha Harvey 352-338-3425 . They grow best in full sun gardens and are adapted to a wide range of soil conditions. This high pH is caused by lack of moisture and high lime content, which can cause stunted growth in plants. Unlike cogon the The tambu/mora/vetiver grass grows in clumps. It does not grow anywhere except in the contour line where it is planted. Purpose of the Technology: Cogon grass is a weed which grows quickly. Any sighting will be investigated. Family Poaceae . Genus Imperata are deciduous, rhizomatous perennial grasses, with flat linear leaves which sometimes are brightly coloured and, occasionally, narrow silvery flowering panicles in late summer Pine decline is another growing problem that also may severely impact both the ecology and livelihood of the Southeast. All recommendations are for South Carolina conditions and may not apply to other areas. No comments yet – be the first to share your thoughts! Live cogongrass plants, herbarium specimens, and soil samples were collected from 53 cogongrass populations from across the 10 physiographic regions and land use areas in Mississippi. These switchgrasses grow well in USDA zones 4 to 9. Similarly, use this root barrier technique to lock the grass in along edges lining your walkways or entry points to the garden. Soil pH has been suggested as a possible mechanism for this invasion; to evaluate this, replacement series competition studies were conducted under greenhouse conditions at two soil pH levels: pH 4.5, or pH 6.8. Chapter 3 - Soil Preparation Tips All-Inclusive Soil Preparation Tips. In mixed grass stands (where small cogongrass leaves are harder to see) treat an additional 10 feet all the way around the patch beyond the last visible cogongrass leaves. To better understand the lawn, it is important to understand the soil beneath it. Special note of caution: if the area suits it well, Imperata cylindrica ‘Red baron’ may quickly turn invasive because of its prolific runners. Height – 16 to 36 inches (40 to 90 cm), Spacing – 6 to 8 plants per sq. Cogon grass can be tough to kill. Statement of the Problem I. brasiliensis Trin. Zebra grass, also called eulalia grass or Chinese silver grass, is a very ornamental grass that is easy to grow.…, When moss appears on a lawn or in the grass, it often can be traced to one or two simple…, In spring or in fall, planting or tending a lawn requires care and attention for a good preparation. Joey Williamson, PhD, HGIC Horticulture Extension Agent, Clemson University. Although it doesn’t grow very tall, the ‘Red baron’ Imperata cylindrica will for sure fit the spot in your flower beds. It is difficult to control due to its small seeds carried by wind and rhizomes that are very resilient even to low soil fertility and harsh environment. Mix sand and clay in the proper proportions with silt, which is also a fast-draining soil with smaller particles than grains of sand, and you've got loam, and that's the best soil in which to grow grass. ), but it is commonly known as Japanese bloodgrass, Red Baron, or speargrass. In Florida alone, it has infested one million acres, where it has displaced many native species of plants. While cogon grass is tolerant of wide variations in soil fertility, organic matter, and moisture, it grows best in relatively acidic soils (pH 4.7) (Hubbard et al., 1944; Wilcut et al., 1988a). It is very sticky to the touch when wet, but smooth when dried. Cogongrass is an aggressive invasive grass that threatens production forestry and the integrity of Southeastern ecosystems through competitive displacement of native species and altered nitrogen cycles and fire regimes. Cogon Grass Quick Facts. Cogon grass was introduced to the United States both accidentally and intentionally. Loamy soil is ideal for many gardens, lawns, and shrubs, so pat yourself on the back if you have this type of soil in your gardens. Learn more about the invasive nature of Imperata cylindrica. The leaf margins are finely toothed, and the upper leaf surface is typically hairy near the base. The first type of soil is a loamy soil, which is like a mixture of clay, silt, and sand. To make sure your Imperata cylindrica ‘Red baron’ feels right at home, aerate the soil and lighten it up with either soil mix or compost. Mora grows in any type of soil. Several distinctive features aid in the identification of cogongrass. Whether or not the topsoil should be amended depends on the soil conditions and can be determined by a soil test. Scientific name: Miscanthus sinensis Hardiness Zones: 4-9 cylindrica grasslands are widely believed to indicate poor soil fertility but Imperata occurs on a broad range of soil types and is not confined to the poorest soils (Santoso et al., 1996). Use a rhizome barrier to carve a pattern in the ground. Cogongrass’s scientific name is Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. You’ll quickly end up with a great many shoots. Soil – Cool, well-drained but not too dry Radishes, turnips etcs. Most long-distance dispersal of cogon grass is probably from inadvertent human transport of rhizomes and seeds [86]. They are decocted and used to treat urinary tract infections, fevers, thirst etc. For gardeners who would like to have a red-leafed ornamental grass in their perennial beds, there are other choices. Cogongrass will invade pastures, where it reduces the forage quality because its leaves are unpalatable to livestock. First, cogongrass infestations usually occur in circular patches. Steve Compton, Department of Plant Industry, Clemson University. For example, certain contaminants may reach groundwater sources more easily in sand than clay. Moosavi-nia and Dore (1979) found that increasing shade levels of more than 50% reduces shoot dry weight and both rhizome length and dry weight; causing an increase in the shoot/rhizome ratio. Like most perennial grass weeds, cogon grass is easiest to tackle when the stand is young -- no more than one or two seasons old. This is an excellent plant to play around with as you landscape. On the other hand, grass needs soil that is able to retain moisture, and that's a feature of clay. By pressing the cogon, the wildlings can grow faster in the natural forest. Karen Russ, ©2009 HGIC, Clemson Extension. Cogon grass produces a very aggressive rhizome that has a very sharp and point tip. This weed spreads not only by an aggressive root system, but also by fluffy white seed heads that produce an abundance of wind-blown seed in the early summer. Destroy thrown out parts to make sure you don’t release it in the wild. Perform additional tillage with a disk harrow or other appropriate implement every 6 to 8 … Turf underlay is the foundation or bed for your turf to grow on, you only get one chance to get this right as once your turf is down it’s too late. Actually, once it has settled in properly, Imperata cylindrica ‘Red baron’ will cope with drought much better than it will with flooding. Imperata cylindrica ) is a species of perennial rhizomatous grass native to tropical and subtropical Asia, Micronesia, Melanesia, Australia, Africa, and southern Europe. Cogongrass has been found primarily in South Georgia but is able to grow throughout the state. It is very tolerant of soil type and of wide variations in soil fertility, soil moisture and light conditions. Then do a cover crop of some type ofthings that would break up the soil. Share your garden joys & woes! Apart from the striking looks of varieties such as the ‘Red Baron’ and the ‘Ruby’, cogon grass has other positive aspects as well. Red fescue is a slow-growing grass type… Growing a lush lawn requires continual work, as well as vigilance to catch problems when they start. It is also called cogon grass. Read new articles immediately and get great deals delivered right to your email inbox, Easy gardening, grow food, flowers & medicine. Another way to identify this warm grass type is … Nonetheless, it’s not so difficult to control if you’re wary: simply pull running shoots out every now and then. The sod also grows in a wide range of soil types, making it suitable for warm-season lawn grass in many tropical areas. The initial tillage should begin in the spring (March through May) with an implement that inverts the soil to a depth of at least 6 inches. Cogongrass is the only warm season grass that produces cotton-like seeds in the spring. I will put an armload in for them, and they eat it in the pasture, but I think it would be too rough on their mouths if they were to eat nothing else. Other common names cogon grass 'Rubra' Japanese blood grass . Cogongrass is becoming established in Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana, and has now been found in South Carolina. Family Poaceae . Grass needs well-draining soil, and sand is the fastest-draining type of soil there is. Cogon grass was then found to be unsuitable for forage and its ability to rapidly spread and displace desirable vegetation outweighed any soil erosion control considerations. The leaves reach 2–6 feet in height. Note: Imperata cylindrica is an invasive species that, according to U.S. federal law, is illegal to grow without a permit. If you have Japanese bloodgrass or have seen cogongrass in your area, contact the Clemson Department of Plant Industry at 864-646-2140. For Fred Singleton, Department of Plant Industry, Clemson University, Notice the off-center, white, main vein in cogongrass leaves (Imperata cylindrica). Chalk is also very alkaline, with a pH of 7.5 or more on average [source: BBC]. Plant Type: Ornamental Grasses and Sedges Weed Habit/Form: Clumping Erect Spreading Growth Rate: Rapid Maintenance: High; Cultural Conditions: Light: Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours) Soil Drainage: Good Drainage Moist Occasionally Dry Available Space To Plant: 12 inches-3 feet Your email address will not be published. Benefits of a lawn. Flowering – September – October, rare though. Botanical name – Imperata cylindrica A lush summer perennial, Imperata cylindrica ‘Red Baron’ really makes a stand against other grasses with the intriguing shape and color of its leaves. Grow a crop of buckwheat once or twice until it gets cool in October. Cogon grass has extensively invaded disturbed areas such as roadsides and fallow pastures throughout north and central Florida but also relatively undisturbed sandhill and pine flatwoods. While cogon grass is tolerant of a wide variety of soil conditions, including variations in fertility, organic matter, and moisture, it grows best in relatively acidic soils (pH 4.7). The colorful leaves are evergreen, thus adding a color interest in all seasons. Native to Southeast Asia, cogongrass is an aggressive invasive plant that that has spread to all continents except Antarctica (MacDonald 2004) and is considered among the worst problematic weeds on a global scale (Holm et al. This information is supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement of brand names or registered trademarks by the Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service is implied, nor is any discrimination intended by the exclusion of products or manufacturers not named. Research question Grow a crop of buckwheat once or twice until it gets cool in October. Once established, it is not easily killed by cogon grass unlike other contour hedgerow species. Genus Imperata are deciduous, rhizomatous perennial grasses, with flat linear leaves which sometimes are brightly coloured and, occasionally, narrow silvery flowering panicles in late summer Cogongrass is designated as the seventh worst weed in the world. Common name – cogongrass Family – Poaceae Type – Grass. predominant soil series in north central Florida(United States DepartmentofAgriculture,1985).Thesoilcollectionsitewas heavily vegetated with native AM, EM, and EcM plant spe-cies, and thus the planting medium was assumed to contain a diversity of compatible mycorrhizal inoculum. Need advice? Like most perennial grass weeds, cogon grass is easiest to tackle when the stand is young -- no more than one or two seasons old. for use as a forage grass and for soil erosion control. Family: Gramineae (Grass Family) Medicinal use of Cogongrass: The flowers and the roots are antibacterial, diuretic, febrifuge, sialagogue, styptic and tonic. Benefits of a lawn. Clemson University’s Department of Plant Industry is a member of a task force, which includes the SC Forestry Commission and the US Forest Service, with the goal of preventing the spread of cogongrass within South Carolina. Copyright © 2020 Clemson UniversityClemson Cooperative Extension | 103 Barre Hall Clemson, SC 29634864-986-4310 | Contact [email protected], College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Centipedegrass Yearly Maintenance Program. The flowers are used in the treatment of haemorrhages, wounds etc. Your new lawn can provide many benefits that will ensure you get the best out of your free space, allowing you to increase the … Synonyms Imperata cylindrica 'Red Baron' Imperata 'Red Baron' . The only important step to perform is to trim the clump short at the end of winter. Join our mailing list to receive the latest updates from HGIC. The grass blades tend to be yellow to green in color (Figure 1). Soils were thoroughly homogenized prior to filling pots and tubes. How to Grow Grass in Bad Soil. It was also brought in and distributed by the USDA for use as a forage grass and for soil erosion control. Seed heads range from 2 to 8 inches in length and can … This type of grass unlike cogon is edible to grass eating mammals. Young infestations are usually easier to control than older well-established infestations. In cases where the clump has grown too large for your taste, sink a spade round the center and pull everything outside of it away. If the soil seems really heavy to you, you can also mix in a little sand which will increase drainage. The tambu/mora/vetiver grass is readily available in the Philippines. By District Conservationist Darryl Williams USDA NRCS Crestview Field Office. Include an 80/20 NIS (Non-ionic surfactant) at 0.25% to 0.5% v/v (10-20 mL of NIS per gallon of spray solution). Cogongrass is a perennial grass that varies greatly in appearance. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Pediculosis capitis (also known as head lice infestation, "nits" and cooties) is a human medical condition caused by the colonization of the hair and skin by the parasitic insect Pediculus humanus capitis—the head louse. yard (m²) Himalaya Fairy Grass (Miscanthus nepalensis) Also known as Nepal fairy grass, it is native to Southeast Asia and India, growing best in areas with cold winters. Currently, there are 145 confirmed Cogongrass sites in Georgia in 21 counties in central, southeastern and southwestern parts of the State. A lawn…, Imperata cylindrica ‘Red Baron’, stunning red shoots of flame-like grass, Zebra grass, advice on how to care for it. Loamy Soil. Cogon grass basically consists of cellulose fibers, hemicellulose and lignin which are common to non-wood pulps especially grasses (Hurter, 2001). Clay is the densest and heaviest type of soil which does not drain well or provide space for plant roots to flourish. Phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil using vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizaniodes L.), cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica L.), and carabao grass (Paspalum conjugatum L.) Cogongrass is commonly found in disturbed areas in Florida, where it is increasingly becoming a problem in bahiagrass pastures. Individual leaf blades are flat and serrated, with an off-center prominent white midrib (Figure 2). Every day, invasive species threaten the health of our vital agricultural and natural lands. Description. There are several cultivars of our native switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) that have red foliage, which is especially prominent in mid-summer through fall. This type of soil is sticky and hard to work with when wet, and it can dry out very quickly in the summer. Radishes, turnips etcs. Cogon grass was first introduced to the U.S. at Mobile, Alabama, via shipping crates that contained cogon grass as a packing material. It can quickly displace other vegetation in forests and fields, including native plants that birds and small animals need for shelter and forage. Cogongrass is the only warm season grass that produces cotton-like seeds in the spring. Now, since it is one of the world’s worst invasive plants, it almost deserves the name because it exterminates other native plants as it spreads! Then do a cover crop of some type ofthings that would break up the soil. Seeds, sod and plugs all require at least 4 to 6 inches of good topsoil. For more information on cogongrass identification, please see: www.cogongrass.org/identification, Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) in bloom in early summer. (Incl. Prepare Your Lawn. ­Soil is a layer of earth made up of organic bits and air pockets. With the right grass in the right environment, you can enjoy a lawn for life. The tambu/mora/vetiver grass like the cogon is drought resistant and will grow in poor soil. When you hold it in your hands, it has a fine-texture and might feel a bit damp. Karen Russ, ©2009 HGIC, Clemson Extension, Panicum virgatum ‘Shenandoah’. Now that you understand how to choose grass seed based on your region, particularly since you’re aware of the difficulty of choosing the perfect variety for your exact location and soil type, it’s time to prepare your lawn for a fresh, new look. Usually, March is the best month to do so. Your ‘Red baron’ bloodgrass is almost invulnerable to pests and diseases. Willard and others [169,170] speculated that cogon grass spread in Florida was mostly from transporting soil contaminated with cogon grass propagules. By District Conservationist Darryl Williams USDA NRCS Crestview Field Office. In its native territories, this grass has quite a few uses: This plant also has the name “bloodgrass”. yard (m²) Exposure – full sun Soil – Cool, well-drained but not too dry Flowering – September – October, rare though Grass That Is Commonly Used to Stop Soil Erosion. It is native to tropical and subtropical areas of the eastern hemisphere. Older stands put down deeper roots and can put up more resistance to control methods. Foliage – deciduous USDA’s NRCS Helps Landowners Fight Invasive Kudzu, Cogon Grass Contact: Chakesha Harvey 352-338-3425 . However, if I get it cut back I could probably get something like buckwheat to grow up before the Cogon grass grows back and crowd it out. Exposure – full sun Sales of this popular ornamental grass have been halted in South Carolina, but plants have been brought in from other states. In Benin, Cameroon, Ghana and Nigeria, I. cylindrica is most frequently found in transition forest, mountain forest and wet savannah, and is least common in the rain forest and dry savannah ( Chikoye et al., 1999 ). Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service offers its programs to people of all ages, regardless of race, color, gender, religion, national origin, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital or family status and is an equal opportunity employer. Use pesticides only according to the directions on the label. Cogon grass grows 0.6–3 metres (2–10 feet) tall and has roots that can reach more than 1 metre (3.3 feet) long. No matter how much work you do in your yard and garden, all that careful sowing, weeding and tending could be in vain if the quality of your soil is not up to scratch. cogon grass is invasive across most of the planet. The seed head (Figure 3) is fluffy, white, and plume-like. Best month to do so 7.5 or more on average [ source: BBC.! The same token, I don ’ t release it in the pollen extracts ranged from μg/ml. Governmental agencies touch when wet, and plume-like NRCS Helps Landowners Fight invasive,! Common to non-wood pulps especially grasses ( Hurter, 2001 ) to pulps.: they require practically zero care Technology: cogon grass you 're planning to get serious about gardening it crucial. Your soil ’ s ten worst weeds and has now been found in South Carolina synonyms Imperata ‘! Stop soil erosion control need for shelter and forage is identified by its broad, flat that. If this document didn ’ t like gardening: they require practically zero care treat urinary tract,!, invasive species that, according to U.S. federal law, is illegal to grow without a.. Creeping rhizomes point and are adapted to a wide range of soil will also play a role in native... Rates of coarse-grained sandy soil types problem for Landowners, land managers, foresters, and can! 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